Does a tackling task effect shoulder joint position sense in rugby players?

Abstract 

Objective

To assess the effect of a simulated tackling task on shoulder joint position sense (JPS) in rugby players. The study also aimed to assess if differences in JPS occurred between mid range and end of range JPS, and if the tackling task had angle-specific effects on these values.

Design

Repeated measures.

Setting

University human performance laboratory.

Participants

Twenty-two asymptomatic professional rugby union players.

Main outcome measures

JPS was assessed using two criterion angles in the 90° shoulder abduction position (45° and 80° external rotation) prior to and following a simulated tackling task.

Results

Prior to the tackling task JPS (absolute error scores) was worse at the 45° than 80° criterion angle (p<0.05). Following the tackling task absolute error scores were significantly increased at the 80° angle (p<0.001), with no significant change at the 45° angle (p>0.05), and no significant difference was present for error scores between angles (p=0.74).

Conclusions

This study found JPS to be significantly reduced following a fatiguing task. But this change was only true for the end of range position, with JPS in the mid range not changing. If the mechanoreceptors are unable to accurately report shoulder position in the outer range (stretch) position due to repetitive tackling, then there is a potential for the anterior structures to become stressed before any compensatory muscle contraction can take place. These results highlight the presence of sensorimotor system deficits following repeated tackling. These deficits are proposed to contribute to overuse injuries and micro-instability of the glenohumeral joint which may be related to the increasing rate of shoulder injuries in rugby.

Keywords: Shoulder injury, Fatigue, Proprioception