Physical Therapy in Sport
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 130-140 , August 2007

The effectiveness of imagery on pain, edema, and range of motion in athletes with a grade II ankle sprain

Received 16 February 2006 ,Revised 21 March 2007 ,Accepted 27 March 2007.

References 

  1. Akerman CJ, Turkoski B. Using guided imagery to reduce pain and anxiety. Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospital Professional. 2000;18:524–530
  2. Annett J. Motor imagery: Perception of action?. Neuropsychologia. 1995;33:1395–1417
  3. Astin JA, Beckner M, Soeken K, Hoghberg MC, Berman B. Psychological interventions in rheumatoid arthritis: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care and Research. 2002;47:291–302
  4. Baird CL, Sands L. A pilot study of the effectiveness of guided imagery with progressive muscle relaxation to reduce chronic pain and mobility difficulties of osteoarthritis. Pain Managing Nursing. 2004;5:97–104
  5. Badia X, Monserrat S, Roset M, Herdman M. Feasibility, validity and test–retest reliability of scaling methods for health states: The visual analogue scale and the time the time trade-off. Quality Life and Research. 1999;8:303–310
  6. Benson H. The relaxation response. New York: Morrow; 1975;
  7. Botterill C, Flint FA, Ievleva L. Psychology of the injured athletes. In:  Zachazeweski JE,  Magee DJ,  Quillen WS editor. Athletic injuries and rehabilitation. Philadelphia: WB. Saunders; 1996;p. 791–805
  8. Brewer BW, Jeffers EK, Petitpas JA, Van Raalte JL. Perceptions of psychological interventions in the context of sport injury rehabilitation. The Sport Psychologist. 1994;8:176–188
  9. Cloughley WB, Mawdesely RH. Effect of running on volume of the foot and ankle. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1995;22:151–152
  10. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. 2nd ed.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; 1988;
  11. Coker KJ. Meditation and prostate cancer: Integrating a mind/body intervention with traditional therapies. Seminars in Urologic Oncology. 1999;17:111–118
  12. Crosbie JH, McDonough SM, Gilmore DH, Wiggam MI. The adjunctive role of mental practice in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after hemiplegic stroke: A pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2004;18:60–68
  13. Cross KM, Worrell TW, Leslie JE, Van Veld Khalid R. The relationship between self-reported and clinical measures and the number of days to return to sport following acute lateral ankle sprains. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2002;32:16–23
  14. Cupal DD. Psychological interventions in sport injury: Prevention and rehabilitation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 1998;10:103–123
  15. Cupal DD, Brewer BW. Effects of relaxation and guided imagery on knee strength, re-injury anxiety, and pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Rehabilitation Psychology. 2001;46:28–43
  16. Eiff MP, Smith AT, Smith GE. Early mobilization in the treatment of lateral ankle sprains. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1994;22:83–88
  17. Ekblom A, Hansson P. Pain intensity measurements in patients with acute pain receiving afferent stimulation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 1988;51:481–486
  18. Fernandez, E., & Turk, D. C. (1986). Overall and relative efficacy of cognitive strategies in attenuating pain. Paper presented at the 94th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
  19. Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology. New York: Lange Medical Books. McGraw-Hill; 2003;
  20. Glasoe WM, Alley MK, Awtry BF, Yack HJ. Weight bearing, immobilization and early exercise treatment following a grade II lateral ankle sprain. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1999;29:314–319
  21. Green LB. The use of imagery in the rehabilitation of injured athletes. In:  Pargman D editors. Psychological bases of sport injuries. Morgantown, WF: Fitness Information Technology; 1999;p. 235–251
  22. Hadhazy VA, Ezzo J, Creamer P, Berman BM. Mind–body therapies for the treatment of fibromyalgia: A systematic review. Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;227:2911–2918
  23. Heil J. Mental training in injury management. In:  Heil J editors. Psychology of sport Injury. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1993;p. 151–174
  24. Hobbie C. Relaxation technique for children and young people. Journal of Pediatric and Health Care. 1989;3:83–87
  25. Hoker J, Munster A, Klein J, Eppasch E, Tiling T. Validation and application of subjective knee questionnaire. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Arthroscopy. 1995;3:26–33
  26. Hunter S, Prentice W. Rehabilitation of ankle and foot injuries. In:  Prentice WE editors. Rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine. Boston: W.C.B. McGraw-Hill; 1999;p. 510–529
  27. Ievleva L, Orlick T. Mental paths to enhanced recovery from a sports injury. In:  Pargman D editors. Psychological bases of sport injuries. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology; 1999;p. 199–220
  28. Ilacqua G. Migraine headaches: coping efficacy of guided imagery training. Headache. 1994;34:99–102
  29. Isaac A, Marks D, Russsell E. An instrument for assessing imagery of movement: The vividness of movement imagery questionnaire (VMIQ). Journal of Mental Imagery. 1986;10:23–30
  30. Jacobs GD, Benson H, Friedman R. Topographic EEG mapping of the relaxation response. Biofeedback and Self Regulation. 1996;21:121–129
  31. Jeannerod M. Mental imagery in the motor context. Neuropsychologia. 1995;33:1419–1432
  32. Kaikkonen A, Kannus P, Jarvinen M. A performance test protocol and scoring scale for the evaluation of ankle injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1994;22:462–469
  33. Korn E. The use of altered states of consciousness and imagery in physical and pain rehabilitation. Journal of Mental Imagery. 1983;7(1):25–33
  34. Lassiter JTE, Malone TR, Garrett WE. Injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 1989;20:629–640
  35. Lazar SW, Bush G, Gollub RL, Fricchione GL, Khalsa G, Benson H. Functional brain mapping of the relaxation response and meditation. Neuroreport. 2000;11:1581–1585
  36. Lorig K, Holman H. Arthritis self-management studies: a twelve year review. Special Issue: Arthritis health education. Health Education Quarterly. 1993;20:17–28
  37. Lorig K, Manzonson P, Holman H. Evidence suggesting that health education for self-management in patients with chronic arthritis has sustained health benefits while reducing health care costs. Arthritis Rheumatoids. 1993;36:1429–1446
  38. Lynch SA, Renstrom PAFH. Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete. Sports Medicine. 1999;27:61–71
  39. Manyande A, Berg S, Gettins D, Stanford SC, Mazhero S, Marks DF, et al. Preoperative rehearsal of active coping, imagery influences subjective and hormonal responses to abdominal surgery. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1995;57:177–182
  40. McCance KL, Huether SE. Pathophysiology: The biologic bases for disease in adults and children. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002;
  41. McCulloch J, Boyd VB. The effects of whirlpool and the dependent position on lower extremity volume. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1992;16:169–173
  42. McKee P. Effects of using enjoyable imagery with biofeedback included relaxation for chronic pain patients. Therapeutic Recreation Journal. 1984;18(1):50–61
  43. Melzack R. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain. 1987;30:191–197
  44. Melzack R. From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain Supplement 6. 1999;S121-126:
  45. Melzack R. Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain. Journal of Dental Education. 2001;65:1378–1382
  46. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms, a new theory. Science. 1965;150:971–979
  47. Morris T, Spittle M, Watt AT. Future directions in research and practice. In:  Morris T,  Spittle M,  Watt AT editor. Imagery in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005;p. 311–334
  48. Morris T, Spittle M, Watt AT, Walsh M. Injury rehabilitation and imagery. In:  Morris T,  Spittle M,  Watt AT editor. Imagery in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005;p. 267–284
  49. Nicol M. Hypnosis in the treatment of repetitive strain injury. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1993;21:121–126
  50. Page SJ, Levine P, Sisto S, Johnston MV. A randomized efficacy and feasibility study of imagery in acute stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2001;15:233–240
  51. Petersen EJ, Irish SM, Lyons CL, Miklaski SF, Bryan JM, Henderson NE, et al. Reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1999;29:609–615
  52. Price DD, Harkins SW. The combined use of experimental pain and visual analogue scales in providing standardized measurements of clinical pain. Clinical Journal of Pain. 1987;3:1–8
  53. Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buchingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain. 1983;17:45–46
  54. Ranganathan VK, Siemionow V, Liu ZJ, Sahgal V, Yue GH. From mental power to muscle power-gaining strength by using the mind. Neuropsychologia. 2003;42:944–956
  55. Richardson PA, Latuda LM. Therapeutic imagery and athletic injuries. Journal of Athletic Training. 1995;30:10–12
  56. Roffe L, Schimdt K, Ernst E. A systematic review of guided imagery as an adjuvant cancer therapy. Psycho-Oncology. 2005;14:607–617
  57. Rosenzweig MR, Leiman AL, Breedlove SM. Biological Psychology: An introduction to behavioral, cognitive and clinical neuroscience. 2nd ed. Sunderlande, MA: Sinaeur Associates; 1999;
  58. Smith RW, Reischl SF. Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1986;14:465–471
  59. Sthalekar HA. Hypnosis of relief of chronic phantom pain in a paralyzed limb: A case study. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis. 1993;14:75–80
  60. Sordoni C, Hall C, Forwell L. The use of imagery by athletes during injury rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2000;9:329–338
  61. Sordoni C, Hall C, Forwell L. The use of imagery in athletic injury rehabilitation and its relationship to self-efficacy. Physiotherapy Canada. 2002;177–185
  62. Syrjala KL, Donaldson GW, Davis MW, Kippes ME, Carr JE. Relaxation and imagery and cognitive-behavioral training reduce pain during cancer treatment: A controlled clinical trial. Pain. 1995;63:189–198
  63. Taylor J, Taylor S. Psychological approaches to sport injury rehabilitation. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen; 1997;
  64. Wack JT, Turk DC. Latent structures in strategies for coping with pain. Health Psychology. 1984;3:27–43
  65. Walko GA, Varni JW, Ilowite NT. Cognitive-behavioral pain management in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1992;89:1075–1079
  66. Watt, A. P., & Morris, T. (1998). The Sport Imagery Ability Measure. Development and reliability analysis. Paper presented at the 33rd Australian Psychological Society Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
  67. Wilson RW, Gansneder BM. Measures of functional limitation as predictors of disablement in athletes with acute ankle sprains. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2000;30:528–535
  68. Wilson RW, Gieck JH, Gansneder BM, Perrin DH, Saliba DH, McCue FC. Reliability and responsiveness of disablement measures following acute ankle sprains among athletes. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1998;27:348–355
  69. Udry E, Andersen MB. Athletic injury and sport behaviour. In:  Horn T editors. Advances in Sport Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2001;p. 529–553
  70. Utah J, Miller M. Guided imagery as an effective therapeutic technique: A brief review of its history and efficacy research. Journal of Instructional Psychology. 2006;33:40–43

PII: S1466-853X(07)00048-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.03.005

Physical Therapy in Sport
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 130-140 , August 2007