Peroneal reflex contribution to the development of functional instability of the ankle joint

References 

1. Ashton-Miller JA, Ottaviani RA, Hutchinson C, Wojtys EM. What best protects the inverted weightbearing ankle against further inversion?. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;24:800–809
2. Baldwin FC, Tetzlaff J. Historical perspectives on injuries of the ligaments of the ankle. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 1982;1:3–13
   • MEDLINE
3. Benesch S, Pütz W, Rosenbaum D, Becker H-P. Reliability of peroneal reaction time measurements. Clinical Biomechanics. 2000;15:21–28
4. Bosien WR, Staples OS, Russell SW. Residual disability following acute ankle sprains. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery (Am). 1955;37A:1237–1243
5. Brand RL, Black HM, Cox JS. The natural history of inadequately treated ankle sprains. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1977;5:248–249
6. Caulfield, B., (2006). Third international ankle symposium—summary statement. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36, A–3.
7. Caulfield B, Crammond T, O’Sullivan A, Reynolds S, Ward T. Altered ankle-muscle activation during jump landing in participants with functional instability of the ankle joint. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2004;13:189–200
8. Colville MR, Marder RA, Boyle JJ, Zarins B. Strain measurement in lateral ankle ligaments. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1990;18:196–200
9. Delahunt E, Monaghan K, Caulfield B. Changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint during a single leg drop jump. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006;24:1991–2000
10. Ekstrand J, Tropp H. The incidence of ankle sprains in soccer. Foot and Ankle. 1990;11:41–44
11. Ebig M, Lephart SM, Burdett RG, Miller MC, Pincivero DM. The effect of sudden inversion stress on EMG activity of the peroneal and tibialis anterior muscles in the chronically unstable ankle. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1997;26:73–77
12. Fernandes N, Allison GT, Hopper D. Peroneal latency in normal and injured ankles at varying angles of perturbation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000;375:193–201
    • CrossRef
13. Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Br). 1965;47B:678–685
14. Garrick JG. The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1977;5:241–242
15. Gerber JP, Williams GN, Scoville CR, Arciero RA, Taylor DC. Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: A prospective examination of an athletic population. Foot and Ankle International. 1998;19:653–660
16. Grabiner MD. Bioelectric characteristics of the electrochemical delay preceding concentric contraction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1986;18:37–43
17. Hertel JN, Guskiewicz KM, Kahler DM, Perrin D. Effect of lateral ankle joint anaesthesia on center of balance, postural sway, and joint position sense. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 1996;5:111–119
18. Hogervorst T, Brand RA. Mechanoreceptors in joint function. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Am). 1998;80A:1365–1378
19. Hopkins J, Ingersoll C. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: A limiting factor in joint rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2000;9:135–159
20. Hopkins JT, Palmieri R. Effects of ankle joint effusion on lower leg function. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004;14:1–7
21. Horak FB, Diener HC, Nashner LM. Influence of central set on human postural responses. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1989;62:841–853
    • MEDLINE
22. Karlsson J, Andreasson GO. The effect of external ankle support in chronic lateral ankle joint instability: An electromyographic study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1992;20:257–261
23. Karlsson J, Lansinger O. Lateral instability of the ankle joint. Clinical Orthopaedics. 1992;276:253–261
24. Konradsen L. Sensori-motor control of the uninjured and injured human ankle. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2002;12:199–204
25. Konradsen L, Ravn JB. Ankle instability caused by prolonged peroneal reaction time. Acta Orthopedica Scandinavica. 1990;61:388–390
26. Konradsen L, Ravn JB, Sorensen AI. Proprioception at the ankle: The effect of anaesthetic blockade of ligament reseptors. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Br). 1993;75B:433–436
27. Konradsen L, Voigt M, Hojsgaard C. Ankle inversion injuries. The role of the dynamic defence mechanism. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;25:54–58
28. Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Proprioception of the ankle and knee. Sports Medicine. 1998;25:149–155
29. Löfvenberg R, Kärrholm J, Lund B. The outcome of nonoperated patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankle: A 20-year follow-up study. Foot and Ankle International. 1994;15:165–169
30. Löfvenberg R, Kärrholm J, Sundelin G, Ahlgren O. Prolonged reaction time in patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankle. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1995;23:414–417
31. Mack RP. Ankle injuries in athletics. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 1982;1:71–84
    • MEDLINE
32. McVey ED, Palmieri RM, Docherty CL, Zinder SM, Ingersoll CD. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition in the leg muscles of subjects exhibiting functional ankle instability. Foot and Ankle International. 2005;26:1055–1061
33. Moller-Larsen F, Wethelund J, Jurik A, Carvalho A, Lucht U. Comparison of three different treatments for ruptured lateral ankle ligaments. Acta Orthopedica Scandinavica. 1988;59:564–566
34. Munn J, Beard DJ, Refshauge KM, Lee RY. Eccentric muscle strength in functional ankle instability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2003;35:245–250
35. Myers JB, Riemann BL, Hwang JH, Fu F, Lephart SM. Effect of peripheral afferent alteration of the lateral ankle ligaments on dynamic stability. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;31:498–506
36. Niedermann B, Andersen A, Andersen SB, Funder V, Jorgensen JP, Lindholmer E, et al. Rupture of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: Operation or plaster cast?. Acta Orthopedica Scandinavica. 1981;52:579–587
37. Ottaviani RA, Ashton-Miller JA, Kothari SU, Wojtys EM. Basketball shoe height and the maximal muscular resistance to applied ankle inversion and eversion moments. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1995;23:418–423
38. Prins JG. Diagnosis and treatment of injury to the lateral ligament of the ankle joint. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 1978;486(Suppl.):1–152
39. Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part II: The role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability. Journal of Athletic Training. 2002;37:80–84
40. Riemann BL, Myers JB, Lephart SM. Sensorimotor system measurement techniques. Journal of Athletic Training. 2002;37:85–98
41. Riemann BL, Myers JB, Stone DA, Lephart SM. Effect of lateral ankle ligament anesthesia on single-leg stance stability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004;36:388–396
42. Ryan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength, and proprioception in the functionally unstable ankle. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 1994;40:41–47
43. Sjölander P, Johansson H, Djupsjöbacka M. Spinal and supraspinal effects of activity in ligament afferents. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2002;12:167–176
44. Staples OS. Result study of ruptures of lateral ligaments of the ankle. Clinical Orthopaedics. 1972;85:50–58
45. Swearingen RL, Dehne E. A study of pathological muscle function following injury to a joint. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Am). 1964;46A:1364
46. Tropp, H. (1985). Functional instability of the ankle joint. Master's thesis, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
47. Vaes P, Duquet W, Van Gheluwe B. Peroneal reaction times and eversion motor response in healthy and unstable ankles. Journal of Athletic Training. 2002;37:475–480
48. Vaes P, Van Gheluwe B, Duquet W. Control of acceleration during sudden ankle supination in people with unstable ankles. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2001;31:741–752
49. Wilkerson G, Pinerola J, Caturano R. Invertor versus evertor torque and power deficiencies associated with lateral ankle ligament injury. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1997;26:78–86
50. Wilkerson GB, Nitz AJ. Dynamic ankle stability: Mechanical and neuromuscular interrelationships. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 1994;3:43–57